How to Move Out of the US in 2025: A Complete Guide to Leaving America

Why are more Americans moving abroad?

There is a growing trend of Americans relocating overseas for better opportunities, lifestyle improvements, and financial benefits. According to the Global Citizen Solutions Retirement Guide for U.S. Citizens, at least 5.4 million Americans were living abroad in 2023, while the U.S. State Department estimates the number, including long-term stays and extended travel, at around 9 million.

The motivations for moving abroad out of the US often include:

• Lower cost of living abroad: Many Americans are seeking destinations where housing, affordable healthcare, and daily expenses are significantly cheaper than in the U.S. Countries like Mexico and Portugal consistently rank among the most affordable choices in Global Citizen Solutions Intelligence Unit reports.
• Better healthcare: The Intelligence Unit’s retirement rankings show that affordable healthcare and top medical care quality are major drivers for relocation. Many Americans choose destinations with universal healthcare or low-cost private options.
• Career opportunities: High-skilled professionals and remote workers look abroad for global career prospects. Countries offering digital nomad visas, like Portugal and Spain, make it easier for Americans to work legally while enjoying a better quality of life.
• Retirement-friendly destinations: According to the 2025 Global Retirement Report by Global Intelligence Unit, Portugal is ranked the #1 country to retire in, with Mexico and Costa Rica also scoring high for cost of living, safety, and high-quality yet affordable healthcare.
• Tax advantages: Many Americans are drawn to countries with favorable tax policies, such as exemptions on foreign-earned income or low personal income tax rates. These benefits particularly appeal to entrepreneurs and remote workers.
• Higher quality of life: Factors like work-life balance, safety, and happiness drive relocation decisions. Countries that score high on the Global Peace Index and World Happiness Report, such as Portugal, Spain, and Canada, are top choices.
• Education opportunities: Some Americans move for affordable or free education, either for their children or for personal academic pursuits. Countries like Germany and France are popular for this reason.
• Safety and security: According to Global Citizen Solutions data, safety is a key motivator. Many Americans move to countries with lower crime rates and stronger public order than in some US regions.

Additionally, tools like the Global Passport Index make it easier for Americans to identify countries that offer enhanced travel access and straightforward residency or citizenship pathways (including Citizenship by Investment). These insights help people choose the best destination for their needs, whether for work, retirement, or a permanent move.

Step-by-Step Guide to Moving Out of the US

Step 1: Choose your destination

Before anything else, decide where you want to go. Americans are increasingly drawn to countries offering affordable living, strong healthcare systems, and friendly immigration policies.

Consider these factors when choosing a destination:

• Cost of living: Countries like Mexico, Portugal, and Thailand are popular for their affordability.
• Language: English-speaking countries like Canada or Ireland offer smoother transitions, but many Americans thrive in non-English-speaking countries by learning the local language.
• Work opportunities: Remote workers can benefit from digital nomad visas, available in countries like Portugal, Spain, and Croatia.
• Healthcare: Countries like Canada and Portugal rank high for quality healthcare access.
• Expat communities: Popular destinations often have vibrant expat networks to help you settle in.

Some of the best countries for US expats include Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Costa Rica, and Canada due to their quality of life, visa flexibility, and affordability.

Step 2: Understand visa and residency options

Research the visa and residency options for the new country. Each country has specific requirements for entry and long-term stays.

Common visa categories for Americans include:

• Tourist visas: Short-term stays, usually up to 180 days.
• Work visas: For employment abroad, often requiring a job offer.
• Digital nomad visas: Designed for remote workers. Popular in European countries and Latin America.
• Retirement visas: Countries like Mexico and Panama offer retirement-friendly visa programs.
• Residency by Investment (RBI): Obtain residency through investment in real estate or local businesses.
• Citizenship by Investment (CBI): A pathway to a second citizenship, popular in the Caribbean countries, like the St. Kitts and Nevis citizenship by investment program and Grenada citizenship by investment program.

If you want to pursue living abroad permanently, explore programs that lead to permanent residency or dual citizenship.

Step 3: Prepare financially

One of the most common questions is: How much does it cost to move out of the US? Costs vary by destination, but here’s what to take into consideration:

• Initial relocation costs: Flights, shipping belongings abroad (if needed), and initial housing deposits.
• Visa and residency fees: These can range from a few hundred to several thousand dollars depending on the host country.
• Living expenses: Research the cost of living abroad in your chosen country. For example, living in Mexico or Thailand is far cheaper than living in Western Europe.

Additional financial steps:

• Open an international bank account or check if your US bank offers global access.
• Consult an international tax advisor. US citizens must file taxes globally under FATCA rules.
• Plan for healthcare. Explore public and private options abroad and consider international health insurance.

Step 4: Legal and logistical checklist

When planning how to leave the United States, be sure to cover these essentials:

• Valid passport: Renew if it expires within six months of travel. Make sure you know how long a passport is good for.
• Visa documentation: Gather birth certificates, marriage certificates, and criminal background checks.
• Apostilles and translations: Many countries require notarized and apostilled documents.
• Tax notifications: Inform the IRS, Social Security Administration, and banks about your relocation.

For complex cases, work with immigration lawyers or relocation consultants to avoid delays.

Step 5: Moving with family, kids, and pets

Relocating abroad with family involves extra planning, especially if you are reuniting with loved ones or moving abroad with dependents. Family reunification laws, residence visa and student visa requirements vary by country, so understanding these rules early is essential.

Family reunification considerations

If your move involves joining family members already living abroad, check whether your destination offers family reunification visas or sponsorship programs. Key points:

• Eligibility: Most countries allow spouses, minor children, and sometimes dependent parents to join a primary visa holder.
• Income requirements: Many destinations require proof of stable income to support dependents.
• Housing criteria: Some immigration systems require suitable accommodation before granting reunification visas.
• Processing times: These can range from a few weeks to several months so apply early.

Moving with kids

If you’re wondering how to move out of the US with kids, plan ahead to minimize disruption. Steps include:

• Passports and visas: Ensure each child has a valid passport and appropriate visa (check if a student visa is available).
• Schooling:
  • Explore international schools for familiar curriculums.
  • Consider local schools for cultural integration and language skills.
• Custody documentation: For shared custody cases, obtain notarized consent letters for minors to relocate legally.
• Childcare and support: Research family-friendly areas with daycare options and strong expat networks.

It also helps to choose from countries with the best education systems for expats to simplify the process even further.

Moving with pets

For many people pets are also a part of the family, and international pet relocation requires careful preparation:

• Vaccinations: Rabies and other vaccinations are usually mandatory.
• Microchipping: Most countries require ISO-compliant microchips for pet identification.
• Health certificate: Secure a vet-issued certificate within the country’s time frame (often 10 to 30 days before departure).
• Quarantine rules: Check whether your destination requires a quarantine period for pets.
• Transport: Confirm airline requirements for pet travel, including crate specifications and cargo vs. cabin rules.

Step 6: Adjusting to life abroad

Leaving the United States is just the beginning, adapting to your new country is the real challenge. Prepare for cultural differences, potential language barriers, and a different pace of life.

Here are some tips to ease the transition:

• Learn the language: If you’re not settling in an predominantly English-language country, even basic phrases in the local language can make a big difference where English might be a second or even third language.
• Join local expat communities: These groups offer valuable advice and support networks.
• Take cultural training: Understanding customs helps avoid misunderstandings and better prepares you for navigating day-to-day life such as transport and shopping.

Top 12 Countries for Americans to Move To

For some Americans, however, relocation isn’t just about lifestyle as was found in the Plan B: U.S. Citizens and the Rise of Strategic Migration report by Global Citizen Solutions’ Global Intelligence Unit. It’s also part of a broader Plan B strategy. Beyond popular expat destinations, countries such as Portugal, Greece, and several Caribbean nations offer structured, investment-backed residency or citizenship programs.

These provide a strategic way to diversify global access, protect assets, and safeguard against uncertainty, making the move abroad not only a change of scenery but also a long-term security plan.

When planning how to move out of the US, selecting the right destination is key. Below are some of the best countries for US expats, chosen for their quality of life, affordability, safety, and accessibility. Each offers unique advantages, from world-class healthcare to vibrant cultural scenes and welcoming communities.

1. Mexico

Why it’s special: Mexico combines warm weather, diverse landscapes, and cultural richness with affordability. Whether you want beaches in Cancun, vibrant city life in Mexico City, or colonial charm in San Miguel de Allende, Mexico offers something for everyone. Its proximity to the US and strong expat communities make the move easier.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living: Around 50 to 60% lower than the US. One-bedroom rent in Mexico City averages $500 to $1,000 per month (Numbeo Cost of Living index).
• Healthcare quality: Mexico offers affordable healthcare options, including both public IMSS coverage and private hospitals. Private insurance averages $50 to $150 per month.
• Visa options:
  • Tourist visa: 180 days visa-free for US citizens.
  • Temporary Resident Visa: Renewable up to 4 years.
  • Permanent Resident Visa: For retirees or long-term residents with no further renewals needed.
• Permanent residency in Mexico: Attainable after 4 years of temporary residence, or directly for retirees who qualify.
• Path to citizenship: Eligible after 5 years of legal residency and dual citizenship is allowed.

2. Portugal

Why it’s special: Portugal offers a perfect mix of sunny coastlines, historic cities, and modern infrastructure. From the beaches of the Algarve to the cultural charm of Lisbon and Porto, it provides an exceptional quality of life at an affordable price.

Its safety, English-friendly environment, and established expat communities make it an ideal destination for Americans. According to the most recent Global Retirement Report by Global Intelligence Unit, Portugal is the #1 country to retire in.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in Portugal: Around 40% lower than the US. Lisbon is around $2,000 per month (Numbeo).
• Healthcare quality: Ranked 12th globally (WHO). Private healthcare insurance is widely available, with plans costing between €50 and €100 per month.
• Visa options:
  • Portugal D7 Visa: For passive income earners and retirees seeking a residence visa with the option for permanent residency.
  • Portugal Digital Nomad Visa: For remote workers earning at least €3,480 per month.
  • Portugal Golden Visa: Residency through investment (starting at €250,000), with eligibility for citizenship after 5 years.
• Permanent residency: Available after 5 years of legal residence under any qualifying visa program.
• Path to citizenship: Citizenship can be applied for after 5 years of residence and dual citizenship is permitted.

3. Spain

Why it’s special: Spain combines Mediterranean beaches, vibrant urban centers, and centuries-old culture. Whether you prefer Barcelona’s architectural wonders, Madrid’s cosmopolitan vibe, or Andalusia’s relaxed charm, Spain delivers an unbeatable lifestyle. Its excellent transportation, world-class healthcare, and warm climate make it a top pick for expats.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in Spain: Around 35 to 40% lower than the US. Rent in Madrid, for example, is approximately $950 per month (Numbeo).
• Healthcare quality: It is one of the countries with the best healthcare for expats. Public healthcare system is universal and private healthcare insurance plans cost around €60 to €150 per month.
• Visa options:
  • Spain Non-Lucrative Visa: For retirees earning at least €2,400 per month (or €28,800 annually).
  • Spain Digital Nomad Visa: For remote workers with a minimum income of €2,760 per month.
• Permanent residency: Available after 5 years of continuous legal stay.
• Path to citizenship: Apply after 10 years of residence and dual citizenship is limited to select nationalities.

4. Canada

Why it’s special: Canada blends modern cities with stunning natural beauty, from Toronto’s skyline to the Rocky Mountains (aka the Rockies). Known for its cultural diversity and welcoming attitude towards immigrants, Canada offers strong infrastructure, excellent public services, and a high quality of life. Its proximity to the US makes relocating convenient for Americans.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in Canada: Comparable to US cities. Toronto averages around $2,800 per month.
• Healthcare quality: Public system covers essential services and private healthcare insurance is optional for quicker access.
• Visa options:
  • O1 Visa Canada: A temporary visa for individuals with extraordinary ability in science, arts, education, business, or athletics, which allows them to work in the U.S.; includes special cross-border eligibility for Canadians.
  • Canada Work Visas: Employer-specific or open permits, including options for a temporary visa for skilled professionals.
  • Canada Startup Visa: For non‑EU (including U.S.) entrepreneurs backed by a designated investor (angel, VC, or incubator), offering permanent residency. Canadian citizenship is possible after three years.
• Permanent residency: Available through investment, family, or employment pathways.
• Path to citizenship: Requires 1,095 days of physical presence over 5 years and dual citizenship is permitted.

5. Costa Rica

Why it’s special: Costa Rica combines breathtaking beaches, lush rainforests, and a laid-back “Pura Vida” lifestyle. Perfect for nature lovers and retirees, it offers a slower pace of life, eco-friendly living, and welcoming local communities. Its affordability and focus on sustainability make it one of the most attractive destinations in Latin America.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in Costa Rica: Around 45 to 50% lower than the US. Monthly expenses range from $1,500 to $2,500.
• Healthcare quality: Affordable public healthcare (especially through Caja), complemented by private healthcare insurance for faster and specialized services.
• Visa options:
  • Pensionado Visa: For retirees with a $1,000 per month guaranteed income/pension.
  • Rentista Visa: Requires proof of $60,000 deposit or steady income.
  • Investor Visa: Requires a $150,000 investment in real estate or business.
• Permanent residency: Granted after 3 years on a temporary residency visa.
• Path to citizenship:Eligible after 7 years of legal residence and dual citizenship is allowed.

6. Uruguay

Why it’s special: Uruguay combines coastal beauty, cultural sophistication, and a calm, secure environment. Montevideo offers European-style architecture and a relaxed pace, while Punta del Este attracts beach lovers. Known as one of the safest South American countries, Uruguay provides political stability and a high standard of living.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in Uruguay: Rent is approximately 80% cheaper than NYC. Overall expenses are much lower.
• Healthcare quality: Strong public system and affordable private healthcare insurance plans.
• Visa options:
  • Residency Visa: Based on 183-day physical presence.
  • Retiree Visa: Requires $1,500 per month income or $100K property or securities investment.
  • Family Reunification Visa: For dependents of legal residents.
• Permanent residency: Issued immediately upon approval; no renewal needed.
• Path to Uruguayan citizenship: After 3 years (with family) or 5 years of continuous residence and dual citizenship is allowed.

7. Malta

Why it’s special: Malta combines Mediterranean charm with a high quality of life, stunning coastlines, and English as an official language. Its rich history, mild climate, and strong expat community make it a top destination for retirees and professionals alike.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in Malta: Approximately 20% lower than the US with monthly expenses in Valletta averaging around $2,800 (Numbeo).
• Healthcare quality: Malta’s healthcare system is ranked among Europe’s best. Public healthcare is free for residents, while private healthcare insurance offers additional coverage at affordable rates.
• Visa options:
  • Malta Permanent Residence Program (MPRP): Investment-based permanent residency.
  • Malta Digital Nomad Visa: For remote workers earning €2,700+ per month.
  • Citizenship by Exception (CES): Direct citizenship route via investment and exceptional services.
• Permanent residency: Granted through MPRP and no renewal is required.
• Path to citizenship: Available via CES after 12 to 36 months of residence and investment.

8. Italy

Why it’s special: Italy offers a blend of cultural heritage, Mediterranean beauty, and a lifestyle centered on food, art, and history. From Florence’s art scene to Sicily’s coastal charm, Italy delivers a slower pace of life with modern conveniences.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in Italy: Around 35% lower than the US. Rome averages about $1,200 per month for rent (Numbeo).
• Healthcare quality: Ranked #8 globally by WHO and, offers universal coverage and excellent private healthcare insurance options for faster services.
• Visa options:
  • Italy Elective Residency Visa: For retirees and those with passive income.
  • Italy Digital Nomad Visa: Recently launched program for remote workers earning €2,066 or more per month.
  • Investor Visa (Italy Golden Visa): For non‑EU individuals investing €250,000 to €2 million to obtain Italian residency, with a path to citizenship after 10 years.
• Permanent residency: Available after 5 years on a legal residence visa.
• Path to citizenship: Apply after 10 years of residence and dual citizenship allowed.

9. Greece

Why it’s special: Greece combines beautiful islands, historic landmarks, and a Mediterranean lifestyle at an affordable cost. It’s ideal for those who love warm weather and cultural richness, with an ever-growing expat community.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in Greece: Around 45% lower than the US. Athens’ monthly costs average $1,800 including rent (Numbeo).
• Healthcare quality: Public system complemented by affordable private healthcare insurance options.
• Visa options:
  • Greece Golden Visa: Residency through real estate investment starts at €250,000 (in some areas the amount is higher).
  • Greece Digital Nomad Visa: For remote workers earning sufficient income.
  • Greece Work Visa: For non-EU nationals with a confirmed job offer from a Greek employer.
• Permanent residency: Granted after 5 years of continuous legal residence.
• Path to citizenship: Available after 7 years and dual citizenship is allowed.

10. New Zealand

Why it’s special: New Zealand offers stunning landscapes, outdoor adventure, and a laid-back lifestyle. Alongside it being one of the ten safest countries in the world, its strong healthcare system and predominantly English-speaking population make it a popular destination for families and retirees alike.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in New Zealand: Slightly lower than the US with Auckland averaging around $2,700 per month, including rent (Numbeo).
• Healthcare quality: Excellent public healthcare system, with private coverage available for faster services.
• Visa options:
  • Skilled Migrant Visa: For qualified professionals.
  • Investor Visa: Residency for individuals investing in New Zealand businesses or assets.
  • Retirement Visa: For older applicants meeting financial requirements.
• Permanent residency: Usually available after 2 years on a residence visa.
• Path to citizenship: Apply after 5 years of residency and dual citizenship is allowed.

11. Australia

Why it’s special: Australia combines cosmopolitan cities, pristine beaches, and a relaxed outdoor lifestyle. English-speaking, with excellent infrastructure and healthcare, it’s a top destination for Americans seeking both familiarity and adventure.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in Australia: Comparable to major US cities. Sydney costs around $3,000 per month (Numbeo).
• Healthcare quality: Universal coverage under Medicare with private insurance widely used for extras and faster service.
• Visa options:
  • Skilled Independent Visa (Subclass 189): For qualified professionals.
  • Temporary Skill Shortage Visa: A temporary visa for in-demand job roles.
  • Investor Visa (Subclass 188): For those pursuing business or investment opportunities.
• Permanent residency: Available after working or investing in the country for several years.
• Path to citizenship: Apply after 4 years of residence (1 year permanent residence) and dual citizenship permitted.

12. Germany

Why it’s special: Germany offers world-class infrastructure, cultural richness, and strong economic opportunities. Known for safety, education, and quality healthcare, it’s ideal for families and professionals looking to move abroad.

Quick facts and rankings:

• Cost of living in Germany: Approximately 25% lower than the US. Berlin averages around $2,300 per month including rent (Numbeo).
• Healthcare quality: One of the best healthcare systems globally, with universal access and private options available.
• Visa options:
  • EU Blue Card (also known as EU Residence Permit): For skilled professionals with job offers.
  • Freelancer Visa: For self-employed individuals and digital workers.
  • Germany Investor Visa: For entrepreneurs investing in German businesses.
• Permanent residency: Obtainable after 33 months (21 months with advanced German skills).
• Path to citizenship: Apply after 8 years of legal residence. Dual citizenship is allowed but only in some cases.

Taxes and Legal Obligations After Moving Abroad

Even if you’ve successfully figured out how to move out of the US permanently, your responsibilities don’t end when you leave American soil.

The United States is one of the few countries that taxes its citizens on worldwide income, regardless of where they reside. This means that even after moving abroad, you must file annual US tax returns and comply with reporting requirements.

US tax requirements for expats

• Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE): Allows eligible Americans living abroad to exclude a certain amount of foreign income from US taxation (up to $126,500 for 2024).
• Foreign Tax Credit: Helps offset taxes paid to a foreign country, preventing double taxation.
• FBAR and FATCA Reporting: If you have foreign bank accounts or investments exceeding certain thresholds, you must file FBAR (Report of Foreign Bank and Financial Accounts) and comply with FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) regulations.

Tax treaties and planning

Many countries have tax treaties with the US that help reduce or eliminate double taxation. Before relocating, consult an international tax advisor to understand your obligations and optimize your tax strategy.

Renunciation of US citizenship

If you no longer want these obligations, you can choose to renounce your US citizenship, but this process can be complex and costly:

• Exit tax: Applies to high-net-worth individuals and certain income levels.
• Legal procedure: Requires an in-person appointment at a US embassy or consulate.
• Irrevocable decision: Renunciation is permanent and comes with implications for travel and property ownership in the US.

For most expats, maintaining dual citizenship or long-term residency abroad is a preferred option, as it provides global mobility benefits without fully giving up US nationality.

How Can Global Citizen Solutions Help You?

Global Citizen Solutions is a boutique migration consultancy firm with years of experience delivering bespoke residence and citizenship by investment solutions for international families. With offices worldwide and an experienced, hands-on team, we have helped hundreds of clients worldwide acquire citizenship, residence visas, or homes while diversifying their portfolios with robust investments. 

We guide you from start to finish, taking you beyond your citizenship or residency by investment application. 

Frequently Asked Questions about How to Move Out of the US

How can I move out of the US permanently?

If you’re planning to leave the US, start by researching visa and residency requirements for your destination.

You’ll also need to organize your finances, decide whether to sell or rent your US property, and complete important administrative steps such as notifying government agencies, updating your address, and managing any tax responsibilities.

How can I move out of America without a job?

There are several options to move out of America without a job. These options include investment migration programs, which allows you to invest a specified amount of money in a country’s economy, and in return, you be offered residency in that country.

Another option is to pursue a student visa, which requires enrolling in higher education within the host country.

How hard is it to move out of the US?

Moving abroad can be challenging due to visa requirements, financial planning, and cultural differences.

However, choosing a country with straightforward immigration processes, like Mexico or Portugal, can simplify the move.

Working with immigration lawyers or relocation consultants can also make the process easier.

How much money do I need to move out of the US?

Relocation costs vary widely by destination and lifestyle.

On average, expect to spend between $5,000 and $20,000, which will cover flights, visas, housing deposits, and shipping. Countries with a lower cost of living, such as Mexico or Thailand, can reduce expenses.

Always factor in ongoing living costs and emergency funds.

Can I keep my US citizenship if I move abroad?

Yes, you can keep your US citizenship while living abroad. Many Americans choose this option, although you must continue filing US taxes annually.

If you want to avoid these obligations, you can consider the option to renounce your US citizenship, but this is a complex process with significant legal and tax implications.

Do I still have to pay taxes if I move out of the US?

Yes. US citizens and green card holders must report worldwide income to the IRS, even when living abroad. However, the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion and tax treaties can reduce your tax burden.

How do I move out of the US with kids?

When relocating with children, ensure they have valid passports and visas. Research schooling options, whether international schools or local public schools.

Some countries require extra documentation for minors, such as custody consent letters. Planning ahead helps minimize disruption to your child’s education and routine.

How do I move out of the US with pets?

International pet relocation requires advance preparation. Most countries mandate vaccinations, microchipping, and health certificates from a licensed vet. Some destinations may also require quarantine.

How do I move out of the US to Europe?

Americans moving abroad to European countries typically need a long-term visa or residency permit. Options include digital nomad visas, work permits, retirement visas, or Golden Visa programs through investment.

Popular destinations like Portugal and Spain offer relatively accessible residency pathways for US citizens.

What documents do I need to leave the US and move abroad?

Common documents include a valid US passport, visa or residency permit, birth certificate, marriage certificate (if applicable), and criminal background check.

Apostilles or legal translations may be required for certain countries. Carry multiple certified copies to avoid delays.

What are the best countries for American expats?

The best countries to move to from the US include Mexico, Portugal, Spain, Costa Rica, Canada, and Thailand. These countries offer affordable living costs, friendly visa policies, and established expat communities, making them ideal for a smooth transition abroad.