Golden Visa: How It Works, Benefits and Top Countries in 2026

A Golden Visa is a program that grants residence in a country in exchange for a qualifying investment, such as real estate, business funding, or government contributions.

But Golden Visas are no longer just about relocating or increasing visa-free travel. According to the briefing “The Power of Global Wealth Mobility in an Unstable World”, developed by our Global Intelligence Unit (GIU), these programs are used as part of a broader wealth, tax, and geopolitical risk planning.

Demand is also shifting. The growing number of applicants from countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom reflects a move away from purely investment-driven migration toward motivations tied to “lifestyle, mobility, and long-term quality of life.”

In 2026, more than a dozen countries have Golden Visa programs. Minimum investments range from around €50,000 for the Latvia Golden Visa to over $10 million for the Singapore Global Investor Program (GIP).

This guide lists 21 Golden Visa countries available in 2026, including Portugal, Greece, Italy, and Malta. It highlights how each program works, so you can choose the one that best suits your international mobility and long-term contingency planning.

Golden Visa: Key Takeaways

A Golden Visa grants residency in another country through a qualifying investment, such as real estate, business investment, funds, bank deposits, or cultural contributions.
In 2026, Golden Visa investments range from €50,000 for Latvia’s business route to S$10 million for Singapore’s Global Investor Program.
Golden Visa benefits include legal residence abroad, family inclusion, access to healthcare and education, and tax advantages.
EU Golden Visas, such as Portugal, Greece, and Italy, also provide visa-free travel across the Schengen Area. 
Several Golden Visas offer a route to permanent residency and/or citizenship.
Malta, Cyprus, Panama, Singapore, and Mauritius grant permanent residency from the start.
Low or no stay requirements are available in programs such as Portugal, Greece, Malta, Italy, Latvia, Hungary, Costa Rica, and Panama.
A Golden Visa is not citizenship by investment: it grants residency first, while CBI programs grant citizenship directly.
Golden Visa applicants must pass due diligence checks, prove the legal source of funds, make an approved investment, and meet each country’s renewal or stay rules. 

What is a Golden Visa?

money and passport for residence by investment

A Golden Visa is a program that grants residence to foreigners who make a qualifying investment in a country’s economy. It was created to attract foreign investment and stimulate economic growth.

Investment types vary by program. Some of the most popular include real estate purchases, business or fund investments, government contributions, or job creation. Each option has its own minimum amount.

Most Golden Visas, such as Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Malta, allow family inclusion, meaning you can bring your spouse and children with you. 

Once approved, applicants receive a residence permit that must be renewed in accordance with the program’s rules. In countries such as Portugal and Italy, this residence status can lead to permanent residency or citizenship after a defined period.

Most Golden Visa programs have low or no minimum stay requirements, allowing investors to keep living and working in their home country while maintaining residence status abroad. 

Golden Visas are different from citizenship-by-investment programs, which grant full citizenship rights directly. 

What are the benefits of Golden Visas?

1. International residency

Holding a residence permit in a Golden Visa country gives you the legal right to live, work, and study there.

A Golden Visa can also expand your travel access. For example, with a European Golden Visa, you can enjoy travel across the entire Schengen Area without additional visas. 

2. Pathway to a second citizenship

Several Golden Visa programs, such as Greece, Malta, Cyprus, Portugal, and New Zealand, lead to citizenship after a set period. Citizenship provides a second passport, which can increase visa-free travel options and, in some cases, be passed on to future generations.

3. Low or no minimum stay requirements

Programs such as Malta, Greece, Italy, and Cyprus have no stay requirements. This means you can maintain your residence permit without relocating full-time, allowing you to keep your current job, business, and tax residency while still having a second base abroad.

4. Family inclusion

Golden Visa programs allow applicants to include close family members in the same application. This can cover spouses, dependent children, and, in some cases, parents. As a result, your family members receive the same residence rights as you, allowing them to live, work, and study in the host country.

5. Access to stable countries

The GIU briefing “The Power of Global Wealth Mobility in an Unstable World notes that geopolitical risks, sanctions, abrupt regulatory changes, and banking restrictions are influencing relocation decisions among globally mobile families and investors. As a result, residence rights in politically stable jurisdictions are viewed as a long-term security strategy rather than simply a lifestyle benefit.

Several Golden Visa countries, especially those in the European Union (EU), are consistently ranked among the world’s safest, performing strongly in indices such as the Global Peace Index. This means lower exposure to political or economic instability in times of uncertainty.

6. Better healthcare and education

Residence abroad can provide access to better healthcare. Singapore and Switzerland, for instance, are renowned for having some of the world’s best healthcare systems, characterized by efficiency and high-quality care. Portugal has a universal healthcare system that offers mostly free coverage, supplemented by private insurance.

Many of these countries also excel in education, with prestigious schools and universities that rank highly in our 2025 Global Education Report.

7. Plan B 

A second residence permit is a contingency plan that gives you the right to relocate if your situation changes. For example, if conditions in your home country shift, you already have the ability to move abroad.

8. Tax benefits

Switzerland, Cyprus, Malta, Italy, and other Golden Visa destinations offer tax advantages for new residents. These schemes can significantly reduce tax burden and help investors maximize their income.

 

21 Countries With Golden Visa Programs in 2026

01/ Greece Golden Visa

Fira in Greece

The Greece Golden Visa is considered the best residency-by-investment program in our RCBI Report thanks to its easy procedure, high mobility, and excellent quality of life. 

Greece’s Golden Visa minimum investment starts at €250,000 for commercial real estate or the restoration of a heritage building. Other options include €400,000 for residential property, €500,000 through investment or bank deposit, and €800,000 for property in Athens, Thessaloniki, and certain islands. 

According to Adalberto Pucca, our Head of Global Mobility Solutions, “Greece remains one of the few jurisdictions where real estate investment is still a core pathway within the Golden Visa framework, making it particularly appealing for clients interested in this type of investment.

The Greek Golden Visa program allows investors to include family members and has a processing time of around four months, making it one of the fastest European Golden Visas in 2026.

Other benefits of Greece’s Golden Visa include living in a country home to some of the world’s most beautiful beaches while enjoying visa-free travel across the Schengen Area.

Permanent residency can be obtained after five years, and Greek citizenship after seven, offering a clear path to long-term access to Europe.

For those seeking financial optimization, the country has the Greece Flat Tax Regime. Under the scheme, retirees who transfer their tax residence to Greece pay a flat 7% on foreign pension income. High-net-worth individuals can opt into a flat annual tax of €100,000 on foreign income, instead of progressive rates that can reach 45%.

02/ Portugal Golden Visa

douro-river-gaia-porto-portugal

The Portugal Golden Visa is one of Europe’s most popular residency-by-investment programs. Launched in 2012, it allows non-EU nationals to live in Portugal in exchange for a minimum investment. The options are: 

  • €250,000 donation to the arts or to the restoration of Portuguese cultural heritage 
  • €500,000 investment into approved funds 
  • €500,000 transfer to scientific research 
  • The creation of 10 full-time jobs 

These figures are reduced by 20% when the investment is conducted in low-density areas. 

The Portugal Golden Visa program also stands out for its low minimum stay requirement of just 7 days per year, allowing you to maintain status without relocating full-time. Family members, including spouses and dependent children, can be included in the same application.

After five years, Golden Visa holders can apply for permanent residency in Portugal. It’s still possible to acquire Portuguese citizenship, but as of May 2026, the timeline has increased to 10 years (seven for EU and CPLP nationals).

A Portuguese passport is still advantageous, as it gives you the right to live, work, and study in any EU country. 

Portugal is also popular among foreign investors due to its high quality of life, ranking first in our 2025 Global Retirement Report as the world’s best place to retire. The country is also the 7th-safest in the world, according to the Global Peace Index, offers access to public healthcare and graces residents with 300 sunny days a year.

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03/ Malta Golden Visa

Comino bay in Malta

The Malta Residency by Investment Program (MPRP) is one of the few Golden Visas that grant permanent residency from the start.

To apply for Malta’s Golden Visa, applicants must demonstrate assets of at least €500,000 (including €150,000 in financial assets) or €650,000 (including €75,000 in financial assets), invest in property through purchase (€375,000) or rent (€14,000 per year), and make a government contribution of €37,000 plus a €2,000 donation.

The program allows applicants to include up to five generations of their family under a single application, with no minimum stay requirement to maintain residency. This means you can maintain permanent residence in Malta without relocating, while retaining full flexibility over where you live. 

Malta’s high living standards are an additional highlight. This English-speaking EU country, located in the heart of the Mediterranean, is praised for its pleasant year-round weather and progressive environment, consistently ranking among the most LGBTQ+ friendly countries in the world in the ILGA Rainbow Europe Index.

High-net-worth individuals will particularly enjoy Malta’s tax system. Non-domiciled residents are taxed only on income brought into Malta, which allows international income to remain outside the Maltese tax net if not remitted.

04/ Cyprus Golden Visa

Beach in Cyprus

The Cyprus Golden Visa is a speedy route to permanent residence in the EU, with processing times ranging from two to four months. 

To qualify, applicants must invest at least €300,000 in approved assets, such as residential or commercial property or shares in a Cypriot company or investment organization, and demonstrate annual foreign income of at least €50,000.

Spouses and dependent children under 25 can be added to the Cyprus Golden Visa application, allowing families to obtain EU residency together. 

The Cyprus Non-Dom Tax Residence is an additional benefit for investors. This regime exempts foreign residents from tax on worldwide dividends, interest, and most capital gains for up to 17 years. There is also no wealth tax, no inheritance tax, no gift tax, and the corporate tax rate sits at 15%. 

After seven years of residency, applicants may apply for Cypriot citizenship. While Cyprus is not part of the Schengen Area, residency still provides a long-term base within the European Union.

05/ Italy Golden Visa

Canals of Venice in Italy

The Italy Golden Visa stands out for its streamlined application process and shorter timelines. According to Pucca, Italy is gaining traction and being positioned as a more competitive option than in previous years.

Also known as the Investor Visa, the program is processed in around 3 to 4 months and does not require applicants to live in Italy full-time, making it ideal for those who want EU residency without the obligation to relocate.

The minimum investment for the Italian Golden Visa is €250,000 the innovative startup project. Other options include €500,000 in Italian companies, €1,000,000 as a donation to a public project, or €2,000,000 in government bonds

Italy’s Golden Visa grants a two-year renewable residence permit and allows applicants to include spouses, children, and dependent family members. 

With residence in Italy, investors and their family members are granted visa-free travel across the Schengen Area, and permanent residency can be obtained after 5 years, with eligibility for Italian citizenship after 10 years. 

An Italian passport ranks 23rd on our Global Passport Index, provides visa-free access to over 120 countries, and the right to live and work across the European Union.

Italy’s Flat Tax Regime for new residents, which allows eligible individuals to pay a fixed €300,000 per year on foreign-sourced income, adds to the country’s appeal for foreign investors.

06/ Latvia Golden Visa

sunset in Riga Latvia

The Latvia Golden Visa is one of the most affordable Golden Visas in the world, with a starting investment of €50,000 in a local company with fewer than 50 employees. 

Other investment routes include €100,000 for larger businesses, €250,000 in real estate or government bonds, and €280,000 as a bank deposit.

Latvia’s Golden Visa program is processed in around 2 to 3 months, making it one of the fastest residency-by-investment options in the EU.

Successful applicants and family members, such as spouses and dependent children, are granted residency with no requirement to live in Latvia full-time. They also gain visa-free travel across the Schengen Area.

Permanent residency in Latvia can be obtained after 5 years, with eligibility for citizenship after an additional 5 years. 

Latvia’s Golden Visa is the ideal option for those seeking a lower-cost entry into the EU. The program not only has a lower minimum investment than other Golden Visas, but Latvia also offers a more affordable cost of living than several Western European countries.

07/ Hungary Golden Visa

view of Budapest and the Danube river in Hungary

Launched in 2024, the Hungary Golden Visa grants a 10-year residence permit from the start. It’s renewable for another 10 years, and after eight years of residency, applicants are eligible for Hungarian citizenship. 

Officially known as the Guest Investor Program (GIP), the program has two investment routes: a €250,000 investment in a real estate fund or a €1,000,000 donation to a public trust supporting higher education. 

Applications are processed in around 3 months, and applicants receive pre-approval before completing the investment, reducing the risk of rejection.

Investors can include spouses, children, and dependents in their application, and the program has no minimum stay requirement. This means you can hold long-term residence in Hungary while having full flexibility over where you live. Hungary is also a Schengen member, which allows visa-free travel across European countries.

Hungary has a lower cost of living than many Western European countries, with living costs significantly lower than in the UK, and offers a flat personal income tax rate of 15% for tax residents, making it a cost-efficient option for investors.

08/ Serbia Residency by Investment

Belrade in Serbia

The Serbian RBI program is appealing because it has no minimum investment requirement

Applicants can purchase residential or commercial property anywhere in the country and obtain temporary residency within 30 to 60 days of the purchase. This makes it one of the more accessible entry points for investors seeking European residency.

The program includes spouses, dependent children, and parents age 65 or older. Residency can lead to permanent residency after 3 years and citizenship after a further 3 years.

Another attractive advantage is that Serbia is a treaty country with the US. This means that Serbian citizens are allowed to apply for the E-2 Visa, and acquire US residency through investment. 

Serbia has a lower cost of living, with everyday expenses significantly lower than in markets like the United States. Additionally, the tax system applies flat rates of 10% to 20%, depending on income type, and there is no inheritance or wealth tax. 

And while not officially called a Golden Visa, the scheme still grants residence rights in exchange for buying property in the country.

09/ EB-5 Immigrant Investor Visa – USA

New York city by night, in the United States

The EB-5 Visa grants investors and eligible family members a Green Card in the United States.

There are two qualifying investment options: $800,000 in a Targeted Employment Area or $1,050,000 in other qualifying projects. All EB-5 investors must create at least 10 full-time jobs for U.S. workers

Applicants are expected to spend at least 183 days per year in the US until they meet the requirements for permanent residency.

After five years of permanent residence, investors can acquire U.S. citizenship and a passport. 

With a U.S. passport, investors and their families can live, work, and study indefinitely in the United States, access one of the world’s largest economies, and travel visa-free to over 170 countries. 

10/ E2 Visa – United States

The E-2 Visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows nationals of treaty countries to live and work in the United States by investing in and operating a U.S. business. 

There is no minimum investment required. However, applicants must commit a substantial amount of capital to a real, active enterprise. Investments usually start around $100,000, depending on the business and its total cost.

The E-2 Visa is granted for up to 2 years and can be renewed indefinitely as long as the business remains active. Processing can take from 2 weeks to 6 months.

Similar to the EB-5 program, the E-2 Visa allows the main applicant to include their spouse and dependent children in the application. However, it does not lead to permanent residency or citizenship. 

Applicants who want a Green Card must transition to another immigration route, such as the EB-5 Visa, which requires a higher investment and job creation.

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11/ United Arab Emirates

skyscrapers in Dubai, UAE

The UAE Golden Visa opens the door to long-term residency in a global business hub with competitive tax benefits, without requiring a local sponsor.

Ranked as the 7th-best Residency-by-Investment program in the world in our Global RCBI Index 2025, the program grants 5- or 10-year residence permits with processing times of 1 to 8 weeks.

The UAE Golden Visa is available to multiple profiles, including investors, entrepreneurs, skilled professionals, and content creators. Some routes, like the UAE Golden Visa for Entrepreneurs starting at AED 500K, while other pathways like the Outstanding Specialized Talent for Executive Director require a minimum salary of AED 50,000 a month.

UAE Golden Visa holders can sponsor spouses, children, parents, and domestic staff.

Not to mention the favorable tax environment with no personal income, capital gains, or inheritance tax, while VAT is set at 5% and corporate tax at 9% above AED 375,000.

According to Laura Madrid, Research Lead at Global Citizen Solutions’ Intelligence Unit, the UAE Golden Visa provides competitive advantages as the UAE “has established itself as a key destination for foreign direct investment in the MENA region, accounting for 31% of total regional FDI in 2023, amounting to $30.7 billion.

12/ New Zealand Active Investor Plus Visa (AIP)

new zealand

The New Zealand Golden Visa allows foreign investors to get residency in a country known for its stable environment and high quality of life.

Ranked 10th in the world’s best Residency-by-Investment program in our Global RCBI Report 2025, the New Zealand Golden Visa attracted NZ$3.9 billion (around US$2.3 billion) in committed and planned investment during its first year.

It offers two main investment pathways. Applicants can either invest a minimum of NZD $5 million in the Growth category or NZD $10 million in the Balanced category.

Successful applicants gain long-term residency in New Zealand, with a pathway to permanent residency after 3 years, and eligibility for citizenship after 5 years. A New Zealand passport also provides the right to live and work in Australia.

Processing time is relatively quick, taking around 35 working days, and the program allows applicants to include a partner and dependent children up to age 24. 

New Zealand’s tax system, with no inheritance, estate, or wealth taxes, adds to the program’s appeal.

13/ Costa Rica Active Investor Visa

With a short-stay requirement of 1 day per year, Costa Rica’s Investor Visa is designed for those who want residency without relocating full-time. 

Also known as the Costa Rica Golden Visa, the program requires a minimum investment of USD 150,000 in assets such as real estate, active businesses, or approved projects in sectors like tourism or forestry. 

Successful applicants and family members, such as spouses and children, are granted a 2-year temporary residence permit, renewable for another 2 years. It’s possible to acquire permanent residency after 3 years and citizenship after 7 years of continuous legal residence.

Those who opt to relocate to Costa Rica will enjoy a country known for its unmatched natural beauty, affordable private healthcare, high safety levels, and overall quality of life. 

Because Costa Rica taxes only locally sourced income, any foreign income remains outside the tax system, a significant advantage for investors earning income abroad.

14/ Luxembourg Residency by Investment

One of the wealthiest countries in the world by GDP per capita, Luxembourg has a residence-by-investment program focused on business and capital deployment rather than real estate

The Luxembourg Golden Visa was introduced in 2017 and requires a minimum investment of €500,000 into an existing Luxembourg company. Other qualifying investment options include:

  • A minimum of €500,000 into a new Luxembourg company, with the creation of at least five jobs in the following three years
  • A minimum of €3 million into an existing or new investment or management structure, with a registered office in Luxembourg
  • A minimum of €20 million by deposit into a financial institution established in Luxembourg, which must be maintained for at least five years

The residence permit is granted for up to three years and can be renewed. Applicants can include spouses and dependent children under the same application. After five years of continuous residence, investors can apply for Luxembourgish citizenship.

Ranked 4th among the best residency-by-investment programs in our 2025 RCBI Index, Luxembourg’s Golden Visa is ideal for investors seeking access to a stable political and economic environment in the heart of Europe.

15/ Singapore Global Investor Program (GIP)

Singapore’s Global Investor Program grants immediate permanent residency to high-net-worth individuals who invest significant capital in the country’s economy. 

There are three qualifying investment routes for Singapore’s Golden Visa:

  • S$10 million in a new or existing business
  • S$25 million in a GIP-approved fund,
  • Establish a single-family office with at least S$200 million in assets under management, with a portion deployed locally. 

There’s no minimum stay requirement. After two years, foreigners can apply for citizenship and acquire the Singaporean passport, ranked the 9th strongest in the world in our 2025 Global Passport Index, and providing visa-free access to over 130 countries. However, Singapore requires applicants to renounce their previous citizenship upon naturalization.

Ranked 3rd in the Global Atlas of Risk and Readiness Report 2026, Singapore stands out to investors thanks to its economic stability, governance, and technological capability. The country also has a territorial tax system, with personal income tax rates ranging from 0% to 24% and no capital gains or inheritance tax.

16/ Panama Qualified Investor Visa (QIV)

If you want permanent residency in a Central American country, the Panama Qualified Investor Visa (QIV) has one of the fastest routes available. 

The program grants permanent residency from the start, with processing in as little as 30 days. Applicants can qualify by investing $300,000 in real estate (increasing to $500,000 after 15 October 2026), $500,000 in Panamanian securities, or $750,000 through a fixed-term bank deposit.

The program includes spouses, children, and parents under the same application, and to maintain residency status, investors only need to visit Panama at least once every two years.

After five years of continuous residence, applicants can apply for Panamanian citizenship

Panama also has a territorial tax system, meaning only income earned within the country is taxed, while foreign income remains outside the tax base.

17/ Brazil Investment Visa (VIPER)

Brazil’s Investment Visa (VIPER) is one of the most affordable Golden Visas in 2026. 

Applicants can qualify through two main routes: the real estate route and the business investment route. Real estate purchases start at BRL 1,000,000 in urban centers or BRL 700,000 in the North and Northeast. The business investment routes start at BRL 500,000, with a reduced threshold of BRL 150,000 for approved startups in technology, AI, and green energy.

The processing time is 3 to 8 months, and through the Brazil Investment Visa program, applicants receive a 4-year temporary residence permit. They can apply for permanent residency after 4 years and for citizenship after an additional 4 years.

With a Brazilian passport, investors can access an entire continent through the Mercosur Residence Agreement. The block comprises 9 countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. Citizens of any participating country can obtain residency in all the others,

Investors can include spouses, partners, and dependent children in the Brazil Investor Visa application, and are required to spend at least 14 days in Brazil every two years to maintain residency.

18/ Mauritius Residence by Investment

Located in the Indian Ocean, Mauritius is an island country off the eastern coast of Africa. It’s an attractive place for investors, not only for its tropical climate and idyllic beaches, but also for its Golden Visa scheme.

In exchange for a minimum investment of USD 375,000 in government-approved developments, foreigners can obtain immediate permanent residency on the island. The permit is valid for up to 20 years and is renewable.

Applications are processed within 2 to 4 months, and include spouse and dependent family members. 

After 7 years, applicants are eligible for citizenship. Mauritius also has the 2nd-strongest African passport, according to our Global Passport Index 2025.

There’s another benefit for investors: Mauritius is a low-tax country designed to attract high-net-worth individuals. It has no capital gains tax, no withholding tax on dividends, and a flat 15% corporate and personal income tax rate.

19/ Monaco Residency by Investment

Nestled on the French Riviera, Monaco is a haven for high-net-worth individuals. The country has its own Golden Visa scheme, which grants residency to foreign nationals who deposit at least €500,000 in a Monaco bank account.

The Monaco Golden Visa process takes around three months, and allows the main applicant to include their spouse and financially dependent children. 

Residents can travel freely across the Schengen Area and enjoy life in a Mediterranean country with one of the highest police-to-resident ratios in the world, which directly translates into very low crime levels.

After 10 years of continuous residence, investors can apply for citizenship, although Monaco requires renunciation of previous nationalities.

With a GDP of almost USD 9 billion, Monaco has one of the highest concentrations of wealth in the world. The country is a tax haven, with no personal income tax, capital gains tax, or wealth tax.

20/ Hong Kong Capital Investment Entrant Scheme (CIES)

A financial gateway to mainland China, Hong Kong launched, in 2024, a residency program through capital deployment. It requires a minimum investment of HKD 30 million in permissible assets, along with proof of net assets of HKD 10 million or more.

Officially named the Capital Investment Entrant Scheme, the program grants an initial 24-month stay, renewable if the applicant meets the requirements. While there is no minimum stay requirement to hold the visa, those seeking permanent residency must have seven years of continuous residence in Hong Kong.

Investors can also include spouses and dependent family members under the same application.

Hong Kong is a major global financial center, offering direct access to the Chinese market, one of the world’s largest economies. It also has a low, and territorial-based tax system with no capital gains tax or withholding tax on dividends.

21/ Montenegro Residency by Investment

Positioned on the Adriatic coast, Montenegro rewards investors with a coastal lifestyle and one of the lowest tax rates in Europe.

Investors can move to Montenegro through its residency-by-investment program. There are two main pathways: through real estate acquisition starting at €150,000 or by establishing a local company.

The Montenegro residence permit is issued for one year and renewed annually. After five years of continuous residence, applicants can apply for permanent residency. Family reunification, including spouses, dependent family members, and same-sex partners, is also allowed.

Montenegro is a candidate for EU accession, with a target timeline toward the end of 2028.

Is a Golden Visa the same as Citizenship by Investment?

A Golden Visa is not the same thing as citizenship by investment (CBI). Golden Visa programs grant residency in a country in exchange for a qualifying investment. CBI programs, on the other hand, provide investors with immediate citizenship and a second passport in exchange for an investment.  

What are the common Golden Visa investment options?

person checking investment options for Golden Visa

Each Golden Visa program will vary in the specifics, and these are the usual options for investment:

Golden Visa investment options differ from country to country. These are some of the most common investment pathways available.

1. Real estate purchases

Buying property remains one of the best-known Golden Visa investments. Investors can purchase residential property, commercial spaces, or approved development projects. In countries such as Greece, real estate remains central to the program, while Portugal removed this route from its Golden Visa in 2023.

For many investors, real estate serves two purposes at once: providing foreign residency while acquiring a physical asset abroad that can be used as a second home or rented out.

2. Business investment

Some countries grant residency to applicants who invest in local companies, launch businesses, or create jobs. These programs are designed to attract foreign capital into the local economy.

This route is attractive to entrepreneurs and investors who want direct exposure to another market rather than purchasing property. 

3. Bank deposits

Certain Golden Visas allow applicants to qualify by depositing funds into a local bank. This route does not require managing property or operating a company, and the capital remains deposited with the financial institution until the holding period ends.

4. Government bonds

This route requires investors to lend money to the state in exchange for fixed interest payments over time. Government bonds are ideal for those seeking state-backed investments rather than direct exposure to property or private companies.

5. Arts and cultural contributions

A smaller number of countries offer residency through contributions to cultural or heritage projects. In Portugal, for example, investors can qualify through donations linked to artistic production or cultural preservation.

What are the Golden Visa requirements?

Golden Visa requirements vary by country, so there is no single checklist that applies to every program. At Global Citizen Solutions, our consultants help investors understand each country’s requirements before starting the application process.

However, these are some of the most common Golden Visa requirements:

  • Clean criminal record: Applicants are required to provide criminal record certificates from their country of residence to prove whether they pose a security, financial crime, or reputational risk to the country.
  • Proof of the legal source of funds: Governments require evidence that the investment funds were obtained legally. This can include salary records, business income, and property sales.
  • Health insurance: Many countries require private or public health insurance coverage for the duration of the residency permit.
  • Due diligence checks: Governments conduct background checks before approving residency applications. These can include banking history and source-of-wealth verification.
  • Minimum stay requirements: Some Golden Visa programs require applicants to spend a minimum number of days in the country to renew residency permits or qualify for permanent residency and citizenship.

How to apply for a Golden Visa?

Step 1: Speak to advisors

Speaking to advisors helps you choose the Golden Visa program that best suits your goals and long-term plans. 

At Global Citizen Solutions, our consultants help investors compare programs based on factors such as citizenship timelines, tax systems, processing times, family inclusion, and stay requirements. Professional guidance can also avoid delays caused by incomplete or incorrect documentation.

Step 2: Select an investment route

Once you choose a country, select a qualifying investment pathway. This can include real estate acquisition, investment funds, company shares, government bonds, bank deposits, or cultural donations.

Step 3: Prepare the documentation

Golden Visa applications require supporting documents such as passports, proof of address, criminal record certificates, health insurance, and evidence showing the legal source of investment funds. Depending on the country, documents may also need to be translated, apostilled, or legalized.

At Global Citizen Solutions, our team manages this process on your behalf.

Step 4: Submit the application

Once the documentation and investment route are finalized, the application is submitted to the relevant immigration or government authority.

Step 5: Receive the residence permit

Once the process is finalized, applicants receive a residence permit. Depending on the country, the permit may be temporary or permanent from the start.

Step 6: Renew residency status

Many Golden Visa programs require permit renewals every few years. Conditions can include maintaining the investment, meeting minimum stay requirements, and updating documentation.

Step 7: Apply for permanent residency or citizenship

Some Golden Visa programs offer a pathway to permanent residency and citizenship after a defined period. Citizenship applications can include additional requirements such as language exams, physical residence periods, or integration tests.



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Frequently Asked Questions

Greece is considered to have the best Golden Visa program in 2026 according to the Global RCBI Index, thanks to its straightforward process, no mandatory stay requirements, and a relatively fast processing time of around 4 months. Portugal and Malta are also regarded for their Golden Visa programs.

With a minimum investment threshold of €50,000, Latvia has the cheapest Golden Visa in 2026.

To obtain a Golden Visa, you must be over 18, have a clean criminal record, and make a qualifying investment.

Golden Visa processing times vary by country. It can range from as little as 30 days for programs like the Panama Qualified Investor Visa to 12 months for options like the Malta Permanent Residence Program.

Yes, Golden Visa programs are legal, and they allow investors to access residence in another country. These programs are strictly monitored by their governments and have due diligence processes in place.

With a processing time of around 30 days, the Panama Qualified Investor Visa (QIV) is the fastest Golden Visa in 2026. In Europe, the fastest Golden Visas are Latvia’s, with a processing time of 2-3 months, and Greece’s, with a timeline of approximately 4 months.

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