What countries allow dual citizenship with the US?

More than 100 countries allow dual or multiple citizenship in general, but not all permit it specifically with the United States.Countries like the UK, Canada, Ireland, France, Italy, Australia, and Israel allow dual citizenship with the US without requiring renunciation.

Which countries are most common for Americans to hold dual citizenship with?

Countries like Canada, the UK, France, Ireland, Italy, and Australia are among the most common for Americans due to friendly dual citizenship laws and strong migration ties.

How many countries recognize or permit dual citizenship in 2025?

Over 100 countries permit some form of dual or multiple citizenship, though specific rights and restrictions vary depending on how citizenship is acquired.

Can I hold three or more citizenships?

Yes, if none of the countries involved prohibit multiple citizenships. Some people hold three or more passports, often through ancestry, marriage, or investment.In theory, there’s no limit to how many citizenships you can have.

Is dual citizenship allowed in the UK?

Yes, British citizens can hold dual citizenships and even triple citizenships, without restriction.

Does Canada allow dual nationality?

Yes, Canada allows dual or multiple citizenships without renouncing Canadian citizenship.

Can I get dual citizenship through marriage?

Yes, many countries offer expedited naturalization or pathways to dual citizenship for spouses of citizens, often with shorter residency requirements.

Which countries revoke citizenship if you acquire another?

Countries like India, Singapore, Japan, and China typically revoke citizenship if a second nationality is acquired. This policy is enforced automatically or upon notification.

Are there tax implications to being a dual citizen?

Yes. Dual citizens may be subject to income, capital gains, and inheritance taxes in both countries, unless protected by a double taxation treaty.The U.S., for example, taxes citizens on worldwide income regardless of residence.

Can dual citizens vote in both countries?

Yes, in most cases. However, some countries restrict overseas voting or require a residency period to be eligible.

Is property ownership easier with dual nationality?

Yes. You may gain unrestricted property rights to invest in international real estate and acquire local financing access in both countries.

Do children born abroad get dual citizenship?

Many countries offer citizenship by descent, allowing children born abroad to inherit nationality from one or both parents. Some may also grant birthright citizenship if the child is born on their soil.

What documents are needed to maintain dual citizenship?

Requirements vary, but typically include valid passports, proof of residence or ties to each country, and updated civil records (birth, marriage, etc.).Some countries require renewal of citizenship status periodically.

Are there military service obligations for dual citizens?

Yes, in some countries. For example, Israel and South Korea have compulsory military service, which applies to male citizens regardless of dual nationality.

Is dual citizenship allowed in EU countries?

Yes, most EU countries allow dual citizenship, though some, like Austria, still impose restrictions. Germany liberalized its policy in 2024.

How do I check if my country allows dual citizenship?

Consult your country’s constitution, nationality law, or contact an embassy or immigration authority for official guidance.

Can I travel freely with dual citizenship?

Often yes. You can use whichever passport offers better visa-free access, but must follow entry and exit rules of each country where you hold citizenship.

What is the difference between dual citizenship and a second passport?

A second passport is a travel document; dual citizenship is a legal status. You can hold a second passport through temporary residence or travel programs without holding full citizenship rights.

Is triple citizenship legal?

Yes, in many countries. Some individuals hold three or more nationalities because of birth, descent, marriage, or investment.

Are there dual citizenship options for people of Indian origin?

India doesn’t allow dual citizenship but offers an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card, which grants residency and travel benefits to foreign nationals of Indian descent.

Can I lose my original citizenship after acquiring another?

Yes, in countries that do not permit dual nationality, you may automatically lose your original citizenship upon naturalization elsewhere.

Do Caribbean countries allow dual citizenship?

Yes. Countries like Dominica, St. Lucia, and Antigua ands Barbuda allow dual citizenship and offer Caribbean Citizenship by Investment programs.

Which countries are most flexible with dual citizenship?

Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, and the UK are among the most permissive, with no limits on the number of nationalities a person can hold.

How many countries allow dual citizenship in [sc name="year" ][/sc]?

About 123 countries allow dual citizenship. Figures differ slightly by methodology and how “allow” is defined, but recent summaries converge around this number.

Which countries allow multiple citizenship (three or more passports)?

Of the countries that allow dual citizenship, many have no numeric cap on nationalities (such as Australia, Canada, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US, and most Caribbean CBI states). Others allow dual but place conditions on naturalized citizens or individuals who hold sensitive jobs.

Which countries allow dual citizenship with the US in [sc name="year" ][/sc]?

The US permits dual nationality, and many of their partners do as well. Popular dual citizenship pairings with the US include Italy, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Germany, UK, Canada, Mexico, Australia and New Zealand.

What European countries allow dual citizenship and what rules are common?

Most European countries allow dual or multiple citizenship. Expect residency, language/civics steps for naturalization, and sometimes post-acquisition notifications. So-called microstates (like Andorra) and a few outliers remain restrictive.

Which Asian countries allow dual citizenship?

Asia is mixed when it comes to dual citizenship. Philippines (reacquisition), South Korea (conditional), Türkiye, Israel, Jordan and others allow in defined cases. China, India, Japan, Singapore are restrictive.

Do I have to enter and exit each country on a specific passport as a dual citizen?

Often yes. Many countries require their citizens to enter/exit using that state’s passport. Plan your itinerary and airline check-ins with both passports in mind to avoid boarding or immigration issues.

Does dual citizenship create double taxation issues?

It can, depending on the countries involved. Treaties, foreign tax credits, exclusions, and totalization agreements often prevent double tax but you might still have filing and reporting duties (for example, when it comes to bank accounts and assets).

Can dual citizens vote in elections in both countries?

Usually yes where permitted, but some countries limit voting, party membership, or public office for dual nationals, especially in security or judicial roles.

Do minors and adopted children qualify for dual citizenship differently from adults?

Often. Many states grant by citizenship by descent to minors automatically once documents are in order. Citizenship for adopted children and surrogacy cases can require extra court or civil registry steps. Some countries also impose age-based choices or notifications when the child becomes an adult.

Which countries allow dual citizenship through investment programs?

Several Caribbean countries and Türkiye offer citizenship by investment, and they typically allow you to keep existing nationalities. Minimum investments, due diligence, family add-ons, and processing timelines vary by program.

What documents are usually needed to start a dual citizenship case?

Expect identification pages, long-form birth certificates, parents’/grandparents’ documents (for descent), marriage or divorce records where relevant, police clearances, proof of residency or income, and apostilles or consular legalizations.

Can dual citizenship be revoked, and under what circumstances?

Yes, typically for fraud, concealment, serious crimes, or prolonged non-compliance (for example, failing to meet residency or security conditions tied to naturalization). Some states can also deprive citizenship obtained by investment for due-diligence breaches.

Countries That Allow Dual Citizenship in 2025: Full List

Flat lay of passport, airline tickets, camera and spectacles on a wooden desk - Countries that Allow Dual Citizenship

Dual citizenship (also known as dual nationality) means you’re legally recognized as a citizen of two countries at the same time.

In 2025, more countries than ever recognize dual or multiple citizenship, but the rules surrounding this tend to vary widely from country to country. Some allow it by descent or birth, others only after going through naturalization or marriage, and a few may require you to renounce your original citizenship.

This guide gives you an up-to-date overview of the countries that allow dual citizenship in 2025, organized by region, plus a quick look at key pathways and common compliance issues (taxes, military service, passport use and more).

What is dual citizenship?
Countries That Allow Dual Citizenship: By Region
How is dual citizenship acquired?
Countries That Allow Dual Citizenship with the US
What compliance and legal issues should dual citizens consider?
Global Dual Citizenship Trends in 2025
Frequently Asked Questions

What is dual citizenship?

Dual citizenship is when one person holds two citizenships simultaneously under each country’s nationality law. Countries set their own rules regarding dual citizenship like how it’s acquired and whether it’s allowed at all. Typical citizenship routes include citizenship by descent, citizenship by birth, naturalization after a period of residency, marriage, and Citizenship by Investment.

Some nations allow dual nationality across most routes. Others tend to be more permissive toward people who have been born with two nationalities but may restrict the ability to get second citizenship for those who go the naturalization route.

Countries That Allow Dual Citizenship: By Region

Americas

The Americas are broadly permissive. Some countries still require notifications, have passport-use rules (enter/exit on national passport), or give special treatment for naturalized vs. birth citizens.

Status	Countries
Generally allow dual citizenship	Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Mexico Panama Peru United States Uruguay Venezuela
Notable restrictions / conditional / no	Guyana (constitutional limits/fringe cases) Nicaragua (ended dual citizenship in 2025) Paraguay (treaty/reciprocity basis, often tolerated in practice) Suriname (generally does not recognize; very narrow exceptions)

Europe

Europe is broadly permissive, but many countries still require residency, language/civics tests, and/or notifications after acquiring another citizenship.

Status	Countries
Generally allow dual citizenship	Albania Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia (Czech Republic) Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kosovo Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom
Notable restrictions / conditional / no	Austria (generally no, narrow exceptions apply or permission needed) Andorra (restrictive) Estonia (restrictive esp. for naturalized adults) Liechtenstein (permission-based or limited) Monaco (restrictive) San Marino (restrictive) Ukraine (law does not recognize dual citizenship but practice varies)

Asia and Middle East

These regions often have more nuanced or changing regimes (diaspora carve-outs, partner lists, or discretionary recognition). Requirements often include notification, security screening, or limits on public office.

Status	Countries
Generally allow dual citizenship	Armenia Cambodia Georgia Hong Kong SAR Iraq Israel Jordan Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Mongolia Pakistan (with specified partner states) Philippines (reacquisition for former citizens) South Korea (conditional) Sri Lanka Taiwan (Republic of China) Thailand (practice-dependent) Türkiye United Arab Emirates (discretionary/exceptional grants) Vietnam (recognized in certain cases)
Notable restrictions / conditional / no	Azerbaijan Bahrain Bhutan Brunei China India Indonesia Iran Japan (no for adults, limited grace for youth) Kazakhstan Kuwait Laos Malaysia Myanmar Nepal North Korea Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Singapore Uzbekistan

Africa

Many African countries recognize dual nationality, but require declarations/retention letters, and may limit voting, security-sensitive roles, or public office for dual nationals.

Status	Countries
Generally allow dual citizenship	Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt, Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini (Swaziland) Ethiopia (liberalizing) Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé & Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Notable restrictions / conditional / no	Cameroon Tanzania

Oceania

Several states explicitly tolerate multiple citizenships. Microstates often have permission-based regimes or unique constitutional clauses.

Status	Countries
Generally allow dual citizenship	Australia Fiji Kiribati New Zealand Papua New Guinea Samoa Tuvalu Vanuatu
Notable restrictions / conditional / no	Nauru (case-by-case confirmation advised) Solomon Islands (historically restrictive) Tonga (permission needed or conditions apply)

Caribbean

Several Caribbean countries run Citizenship by Investment (CBI) programs and most permit dual nationality, however program specifics and due diligence differ by country. Retention of other citizenship(s) usually allowed but subject to your other country’s law.

Status	Countries
Generally allow dual citizenship	Antigua & Barbuda The Bahamas Barbados Dominica Dominican Republic Grenada Haiti Jamaica Saint Kitts & Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Trinidad & Tobago
Notable restrictions / conditional / no	None

How is dual citizenship acquired?

Dual citizenship can be gained through several legal pathways. Each country’s nationality law defines how citizenship is acquired and whether multiple citizenships are recognized.

Below are the most common routes and which ones most often allow dual or multiple citizenship:

Pathway	Dual citizenship allowed?	How it works
*Citizenship by descent (jus sanguinis)*	Widely allowed.	Citizenship is passed on from parent(s) or grandparents to children, even if they’re born abroad. Many countries let descendants claim citizenship generations later if documentation is provided.
*Citizenship by birth (jus soli)*	More common in the Americas.	Anyone born on national soil automatically acquires citizenship, regardless of their parents’ nationality. If the parents’ country also grants citizenship by descent, the child is automatically has dual citizenship.
Citizenship by naturalization	Varies by country.	Foreign residents can acquire citizenship after a legal stay/residency period (often 3 to 10 years). Some nations allow you to retain your original citizenship, while others require renunciation.
Citizenship by marriage	Often allowed or facilitated.	A foreign spouse may be eligible for fast-track naturalization or citizenship after a set period of marriage and residency. Dual citizenship status is typically recognized if both countries permit it.
Citizenship by Investment	Allowed in specific countries.	Citizenship is granted through an individual making a qualifying financial contribution, real-estate purchase, or government fund donation. Most CBI nations explicitly allow applicants to keep their existing nationality as a benefit.

Countries That Allow Dual Citizenship with the US

The United States permits dual nationality, and many partner countries do as well.

In practice, that means Americans can often naturalize abroad (or claim a second nationality by descent or marriage) without losing US citizenship, so long as the other country also allows it.

Please note that US dual citizens must enter and leave the United States on a US passport. The other country may likewise also require entry/exit on its own passport.

Popular US dual citizenship pairings: By region

This list highlights widely used combinations for Americans through descent, naturalization, marriage, or investment.

Europe

Italy, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Poland, Greece, France, Sweden, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Malta, Cyprus, Romania, Bulgaria: broadly allow dual nationality (with typical residency and/or language requirements for naturalization but citizenship by descent routes tend to be common).
Germany: now permits multiple citizenship under a 2024 reform (general residency track reduced to 5 years with a separate fast-track debates that don’t affect the dual-nationality permission).
United Kingdom: allows dual/multiple citizenship.

Some microstates or special cases (Austria, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Andorra, San Marino) remain restrictive or are purely permission-based.

Americas

Canada, Mexico: popular for proximity and family ties. Dual nationality allowed.
Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Peru: broadly permissive; widespread jus soli (citizenship by birth) can create dual status for US-born children of their nationals (or vice-versa).
Caribbean CBI (Dominica, St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Grenada, St. Lucia): dual citizenship allowed via these popular investment pathways (subject to due diligence checks).

Asia-Pacific / Oceania

Australia, New Zealand: permit dual nationality (common US pairings via naturalization or descent).
Philippines: reacquisition law for former Filipino citizens (popular with US-based expat community).
South Korea: conditional tolerance (for example, certain categories, notifications).
Türkiye: allows dual nationality (naturalization or investment routes).
Japan, Singapore, China, India: these countries remain restrictive as adults generally cannot hold dual citizenship, even though some of these countries do periodically review their policies.

Compliance notes for US dual citizens

Passport use: US citizens must use a US passport to enter/exit the United States. Many partner countries require the same with their passport.
Taxes: The IRS taxes worldwide income; treaties, credits, and exclusions may offset potential double taxation.
Civic/military obligations: Some countries limit voting/public office for dual nationals or impose mandatory military service.
Notifications: Several countries require you to notify authorities after acquiring another nationality.

What compliance and legal issues should dual citizens consider?

Dual or multiple citizenship can unlock major mobility and lifestyle benefits but it also creates legal obligations in each country you’re a citizen of.

Topic	What it means	What to check
Passport use	Many countries require citizens to enter/exit using that country’s passport.	Will you need to carry two passports on specific routes? Airline API/ESTA/eTA implications.
Notifications and registration	Some states require you to notify authorities after acquiring another nationality or periodically register your status abroad.	Is there a formal retention letter, registration, or consular record you must maintain? Deadlines/penalties?
Renunciation rules	A few countries require renunciation of your previous nationality for naturalization (or vice versa).	Is renunciation mandatory, optional, or waived by treaty? Timing and fees if required.
Voting and public office	Even where dual citizenship is allowed, voting rights or access to sensitive roles (for example, defense, judiciary) can be limited.	Are there restrictions on running for office, holding security-cleared jobs, or serving in the military?
Military service	Dual nationals can face conscription or reserve obligations in one country.	Age windows, deferments, exemptions for residents abroad, penalties for non-compliance.
Taxes and reporting	Some countries apply dual citizenship taxes, specifically on worldwide income or impose filing/reporting duties on assets and accounts.	Treaties, foreign tax credits, social security totalization, exit taxes, CRS/FATCA reporting.
Name, documents and civil status	Inconsistent names/dates across documents can stall applications.	Align names on birth/marriage certificates, passports, and national IDs. Get apostilles where needed.
Children and family	Rules for minors, adopted children, or surrogacy can differ from adults.	Transmission limits (generation caps), legitimation/adoption decrees, deadlines for registering foreign births.
Property and inheritance	Some states limit foreign ownership or apply forced-heirship rules even to dual nationals.	Title restrictions, inheritance shares, matrimonial property regimes, local wills.
Travel and sanctions risk	Dual nationals may face restricted travel with one passport or sanctions exposure.	Visa policies, travel advisories, sanctions lists that could affect banking or movement.

Explore the top countries to get a second passport for better quality of life, lower taxes, and dual citizenship.

Learn more

Global Dual Citizenship Trends in 2025

Global Citizen Solutions’ Intelligence Unit found that dual citizenship is expanding due to migration, economic ties, and diaspora engagement.

This is further explored in their report, “The Transformation of Citizenship: From Political Identity to Strategic Mobility Tool”. The report emphasizes that modern citizenship is no longer purely a matter of national belonging—it’s evolving into a tool for accessing opportunity, enhancing mobility, and building global resilience.

Europe: Policies are becoming more liberalized. Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden have eased restrictions, seeing dual citizenship as a way to strengthen diaspora ties and remain competitive in the global talent market.
Asia: While still largely restrictive, some countries such as the Philippines and Pakistan provide pathways under limited conditions, especially for children born abroad or through marriage.
Latin America: Dual citizenship is widely accepted, particularly through descent or birthright, and is often encouraged as a means to boost remittances and cultural exchange.
Caribbean: Several countries actively promote dual citizenship through Citizenship by Investment (CBI) and Residency by Investment (RBI) programs, turning nationality into a strategic economic instrument for development and global mobility.

How Can Global Citizen Solutions Help You?

Global Citizen Solutions is a boutique migration consultancy firm with years of experience delivering bespoke residence and citizenship by investment solutions for international families. With offices worldwide and an experienced, hands-on team, we have helped hundreds of clients worldwide acquire citizenship, residence visas, or homes while diversifying their portfolios with robust investments.

We guide you from start to finish, taking you beyond your citizenship or residency by investment application.

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