A Golden Visa is a program that allows foreign investors and their families to obtain long-term residence rights through the act of making a qualifying financial investment. Investment options can include placing capital into real estate, investment funds, or a local business.
Today, Golden Visas remain one of the most flexible and reliable pathways for global mobility, asset diversification, and establishing a ‘Plan B’ in a politically or economically stable country.
Several countries around the world offer Golden Visa programs, from lifestyle-driven destinations like Portugal, Italy, and Greece to business-friendly hubs such as Malta and the UAE. Each program offers unique advantages, whether it’s Schengen mobility, tax incentives, or investment flexibility, but also comes with trade-offs related to cost, requirements, and residency obligations.
With so many attractive options, choosing the program that best suits you can be challenging. This guide lists the world’s top Golden Visa countries and outlines what makes each stand out, including main benefits, requirements, investment options and application processes.
- What are Golden Visas?
- Top 17 Countries That Offer Golden Visas
- How Golden Visa Programs Work
- Golden Visa Requirements
- Golden Visa Investment Options
- Golden Visa Application Process (Step-by-Step)
- Benefits of Golden Visa Programs
- Frequently Asked Questions
What are Golden Visas?
A Golden Visa is a type of Residency by Investment (RBI) program that grants foreign investors and their families the right to live, study, and, in some cases, work in a host country in exchange for a qualifying financial investment. This investment may take the form of real estate, investment funds, business creation, government bonds, or contributions to national funds.
Golden Visa holders receive a residency permit, often with minimal physical stay requirements, which allows them to maintain a legal foothold in the country while enjoying benefits such as long-term security, improved travel capabilities, and access to local services.
Many countries, especially in Europe, also offer a pathway from residency to permanent residency or citizenship after several years of legal residence and meeting national naturalization criteria.
While Golden Visas fall under the Residency by Investment umbrella, they are different from Citizenship by Investment (CBI) programs. A Golden Visa grants a residence permit (but not a passport) and citizenship is only possible later through naturalization. By contrast, CBI programs offer direct citizenship and a passport within months of applying, typically through a donation or making another qualifying investment with no residency requirement.
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Top 17 Countries That Offer Golden Visas
1. Portugal
Portugal is the country with one of the best European Golden Visa programs. Portugal Golden Visa allows non-EU citizens to obtain long term or permanent residency in Portugal by making a qualifying business investment.
After holding a Portuguese Golden Visa for five years, foreign investors and their families can apply for citizenship and permanent residency in Portugal.
These are the investment options:
- €250,000 donation to arts or cultural heritage restoration.
- €500,000 investment in qualifying investment funds.
- €500,000 for scientific research activities
- Business investments creating 5-10 jobs (amounts vary).
Portugal Golden Visa benefits
- Path to permanent residency and citizenship after 5 years.
- Visa-free travel within the Schengen area.
- Family inclusion (Spouse, children, dependents).
- Spend only 7 days per year in Portugal.
- High quality of life.
- No language requirement.
2. Greece
Greece’s Golden Visa program welcomes non-EU/EEA nationals who want to invest in the nation and enjoy the benefits of living in Greece.
Those who participate in Greece’s investor visa programs can also travel visa-free to other EU countries. Individuals can apply for permanent residency after five years and after living in Greece for seven years, Greek citizenship is also possible.
Investment options include:
- €250,000 for commercial property conversion or heritage building restoration (any location).
- €400,000 for properties in most regions (minimum 120 m²).
- €800,000 for Athens, Thessaloniki, and popular islands (minimum 120 m²).
- €400,000 minimum for 10-year hotel accommodation lease.
- €500,000 for bank deposits or investment funds.
Greece Golden Visa benefits
- Visa-free travel within the Schengen area.
- Family inclusion (Spouse, children, dependents).
- High quality of life.
- No minimum stay requirement.
- Path to citizenship after 7 years.
3. Malta
The Malta Permanent Residency by Investment (Malta Permanent Residence Program or MPRP) is one of the EU’s cheapest routes to permanent residency.
This English-speaking country in the Schengen Area is appealing to investors from the U.S. and the UK.
The Maltese permanent residence program provides visa-free travel to the Schengen Area for 90 out of 180 days.
The Malta Permanent Residence Program offers the following investment options:
- Asset demonstration: €500,000 total (€150,000 financial) OR €650,000 total (€75,000 financial).
- Property: €375,000 purchase OR €14,000/year rental.
- Government contribution: €37,000 (same for buying or renting).
- Donation: €2,000 to approved NGO.
- Dependent fees: €7,500 per adult dependent over 18.
As part of our commitment to providing transparent and reliable services, we are proud to be a licensed agent in Malta, holding the official license number AKM-AGEN. This certification demonstrates our dedication to the highest standards in the investment migration industry and further enhances our ability to offer expert guidance and support to our clients.
Benefits of the Malta Residency by Investment
- Visa-free travel within the Schengen area.
- Family inclusion (Spouse, children, dependents).
- Access to high-quality healthcare and education.
- Permanent residency with no renewal requirements (if investment is maintained).
4. Cyprus
The Cyprus Golden Visa program is a fast route to obtaining European citizenship. In only a few months foreign investors can acquire an indefinite residence permit in Cyprus if for a €300,000 investment in the Cypriot economy.
The Cyprus permanent residency scheme allows investors to include immediate family members in their applications. Other benefits include quality education and travel within Europe’s Schengen Area. Cyprus also has a favorable tax system for both residents and non-residents.
The qualifying investment options for obtaining the Cyprus Golden Visa are:
- Purchase a residential property worth at least €300,000.
- Purchase a commercial property worth at least €300,000.
- Place a minimum investment of €300,000 in the share capital of a Cypriot company.
- Place a minimum investment of €300,000 in units of a Cyprus Collective Investment Organization (e.g., AIF, AIFLNP, RAIF).
Cyprus Golden Visa benefits
- Visa-free travel within the Schengen area.
- Family inclusion (spouse, children, dependents).
- Access to high-quality healthcare and education.
- Attractive tax incentives.
- Access to a strong economy with a favorable tax system.
- Seven years to citizenship.
5. Italy
The Italy Golden Visa, or the Italy Investor Visa, enables applicants and their immediate family members to hold residency in an EU country.
Moreover, the Italy Golden Visa offers holders visa free access to the Schengen zone when travelin. It has a fast processing time and no stay requirements.
Four investments starting from €250,000 are available under the Italy Golden Visa scheme:
- Investing at least €2 million in government bonds.
- Purchasing €500,000 in corporate bonds or shares.
- Investing €250,000 in an innovative startup.
- Making a philanthropic donation of at least €1 million.
Italy Golden Visa benefits
- Visa-free travel within the Schengen area.
- Family inclusion (spouse, children, dependents).
- Access to high-quality healthcare and education.
- Attractive tax incentives.
- 10 years to citizenship.
6. Latvia
Latvia’s Golden Visa program is aimed at non-EU citizens looking for residency in Latvia and, potentially, the broader EU. It is attractive because it allows foreigners to enjoy life in a beautiful and affordable country.
The Latvia Golden Visa also provides investors with a five-year residence permit without residency requirement.
Latvia’s Golden Visa investment options:
- Business investment of €50,000 in a Latvian company.
- €250,000 investment in real estate.
Latvia Golden Visa benefits
- Visa-free travel within the Schengen area.
- Family inclusion (spouse, children, dependents).
- Access to high-quality healthcare and education.
- Five years to citizenship.
7. Hungary
The Hungary Golden Visa is one of the newer European investment programs. It is also aimed at non-EU and non-EEA citizens looking for European residency and offers a ten-year residence permit. It grants investors access to the Schengen area as well as the opportunity to live and work in Europe.
These are the available investment options:
- Purchase real estate fund units for at least €250,000.
- Make a €1,000,000 donation to an institution of higher learning.
Hungary Golden Visa benefits
- Visa-free travel within the Schengen area.
- Family inclusion (spouse, children, dependents).
- Access to high-quality healthcare and education.
- Lower cost of living.
- Low-risk investment.
8. Serbia
Serbia’s Residency by Investment program focuses on real estate investment. While there is no minimum amount requirement, applicants must purchase real estate to qualify.
The program is ideal for those interested in residency in a country with a low cost of living, free healthcare and education, and a strategic location in Europe.
Investment options:
- Purchase of apartments
- Purchase of houses
- Purchase of commercial properties
Benefits of Serbia Residency by Investment
- Citizenship in 6-9 months
- Family inclusion (spouse, children, dependents).
- Visa-free travel to 86 countries, including Japan and China.
- No inheritance or wealth tax.
- Access to E2 Visa for the U.S.
9. United States
The United States offers two investor visa programs: the US EB5 Visa and US E2 Visa. These programs enable investors to receive legal residence status in the United States, provided they substantially contribute to the US economy.
The EB5 Visa offers a path to U.S. citizenship with at least five years of residency, while the E2 Visa allows investors to start or expand businesses in the U.S. Both visas grant a Green Card, work privileges, and family inclusion.
Investment requirements:
- EB5 Visa: At least $1.05 million (or $800,000 in a Targeted Employment Area) or invest in a government-approved EB5 Regional Center project.
- E2 Visa: Usually starts at a $100,000 investment in a U.S.-based business. You must own at least 50% of the business or hold a controlling interest.
Benefits of the EB5 Visa
- Direct pathway to a Green Card.
- Family inclusion (spouse and children under 21).
- Freedom to live, work, and study anywhere in the U.S.
- No need for active business involvement.
Benefits of the E2 Visa
- Ability to start or manage a business in the U.S.
- Family inclusion (spouse and children under 21).
- Spouse can apply for work authorization.
10. Canada
Canada Start-Up Visa
Program is one of the best North American Golden Visas. It is designed for entrepreneurs who want to establish a business in Canada. It targets innovative business ideas that can create jobs for Canadians. Successful applicants receive permanent residency, offering a pathway to Canadian citizenship.
To qualify, applicants must:
- Have a business idea supported by a designated organization such as a venture capital fund, angel investor group, or business incubator.
- Meet the minimum language requirements (English or French).
- Have enough funds to settle in Canada.
- Pass Canadian security and medical clearances.
Benefits of the Canada Start-Up Visa
- Direct pathway to permanent residency.
- Family inclusion (spouse, children, dependents).
- Access to high-quality healthcare.
- Opportunity to establish a business in Canada.
- Visa-free travel to 110 countries (after obtaining citizenship).
11. United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates offers the UAE Golden Visa, one of the few available in the Middle East. It provides a unique opportunity for foreign investors and skilled professionals to obtain long term residency by making qualifying investments for five to ten years.
The UAE government has a set of eligibility criteria that must be met alongside one or more of the following investment types:
- Investing AED 2 million ($545,000) in real estate in designated zones or in an investment fund.
- Operating an established business as a partner with a turnover of at least AED 100,000 (about $27,000).
- Receiving support from a UAE business incubator for an innovative business valued at least AED 500,000 (about $136,000).
- Being an outstanding specialized talent in specific fields, including sports, culture, healthcare, art, science, and engineering.
Benefits of the UAE Golden Visa
- Long-term residency (5 or 10 years).
- No income tax or wealth tax.
- Family inclusion (Spouse and children).
- Ability to live, work, and study in the UAE.
- Access to world-class infrastructure and healthcare.
12. Antigua and Barbuda
The Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment program
is a popular and cheap route to getting your hands on one of the Caribbean passports. Investors have the unique opportunity to apply for citizenship in just a few months.
Applicants looking to acquire Antigua and Barbuda citizenship can choose one of the following investment options:
- Contribute at least $230,000 to the National Development Fund (NDF), a government fund.
- Purchase of government-approved real estate valued at a minimum of $200,000.
- A minimum contribution of $260,000 to the University of the West Indies Fund.
Benefits of Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment
- Citizenship in 4-6 months.
- Visa-free travel to 101 countries.
- Family inclusion (spouse, children under 30, parents).
- No inheritance or wealth tax.
13. Dominica
The Dominica Citizenship by Investment has
become popular due to its fast processing time and flexible requirements. In just a few months, qualifying investors can obtain a Dominica passport, dual citizenship, visa-free travel to 88 countries, and enticing tax benefits.
These are the investment options:
- A contribution to the Economic Diversification Fund (EDF), which supports public and private sector projects in Dominica.
- A minimum contribution of $200,000 for a single applicant and $250,000 for a family of four.
- Purchase of government-approved real estate with a minimum value of $200,000.
Benefits of Dominica Citizenship by Investment
- Citizenship in 6-9 months.
- Family inclusion (spouse, children, dependents).
- Visa-free travel to 88 countries.
- No inheritance, wealth, or capital gains tax.
14. St Kitts and Nevis
The St Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Investment program grants investors and their families a golden passport in a few months in exchange for a contribution to the nation of a minimum value of $250,000.
The country’s Citizenship by Investment program offers visa-free travel to 101 countries, quick processing times, and no residency requirement.
Investment options include:
- Invest at least $250,000 in the Sustainable Island State Contribution (SISC).
- Invest at least $400,000 in shares of a real estate property.
- A minimum investment of $400,000 in approved properties, such as hotels, villas, and condominium units.
- A home purchase as a sole owner with a minimum value of $800,000 that is resalable after five years.
Benefits of St Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Investment
- Citizenship in 4-6 months.
- Family inclusion (spouse, children, dependents).
- No inheritance or wealth tax.
- Visa-free travel to 101 countries.
15. St Lucia
The St Lucia Citizenship by Investment program grants investors and their family members a St Lucia passport, which offers visa-free access to 93 countries. The program also has fast processing times and no residency requirement.
Additionally, citizenship grants access to tax benefits, public education, and healthcare services in a politically stable and beautiful environment.
These are the investment options:
- Invest a minimum of $300,000 in government-approved real estate projects. The property must be held for at least five years.
- Make a non-refundable contribution to the National Economic Fund (NEF) of at least $240,000.
- Investment of at least $3.5 million in an enterprise project in St Lucia.
- Investment of at least $300,000 in National Action Government Bonds (NAB)
Benefits of St Lucia Citizenship by Investment
- Citizenship in 4-10 months.
- Family inclusion (spouse, children, dependents).
- Visa-free access to 93 countries.
- No inheritance tax.
16. Grenada
Since the Grenada citizenship by investment program
was launched in 2013 it has granted qualifying individuals and their family members the opportunity to apply for citizenship and a Grenada passport in exchange for an investment in the island’s economy.
Here are the available investment options:
- Investment of at least $235,000 in the National Transformation Fund.
- Investment of at least $270,000 in shares of the Grenada real estate projects.
- Investment of at least $350,000 in a government-approved real estate project.
Benefits of Grenada Citizenship by Investment
- Citizenship in 6-9 months.
- Family inclusion (spouse, children, dependents)
- Visa-free travel to 94 countries, including China.
- No inheritance or wealth tax.
- Access to E2 Visa for the U.S.
17. Vanuatu
Vanuatu citizenship by investment is one of the world’s 
most attractive programs. The primary benefit is that it has the shortest processing time for citizenship, meaning investors can obtain a second passport in just one to two months.
In addition to its simple process, it offers investors visa-free travel to 46 countries and tax advantages, including no income or capital gains tax.
These are the available investment options:
- DSP Option: $130,000 single applicant, $150,000 couple, $180,000 family of four.
- CIIP Option: $105,000 donation + $50,000 refundable investment (return after 4 years).
Benefits of Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment
- Visa-free or visa-on-arrival travel to 46 countries (now excludes EU Schengen area).
- No residency or language requirements.
- No income, inheritance, or wealth tax.
- Citizenship granted within 1-2 months.
How Golden Visa Programs Work
Golden Visa programs grant residency rights to foreign nationals who make a qualifying economic contribution to a host country.
While the specific rules differ across countries, most programs follow the same core model: invest capital, meet eligibility requirements, pass due diligence, and maintain the investment for the required number of years.
Golden Visas are designed for individuals seeking international mobility, long-term security, and lifestyle upgrades. Common applicant profiles include:
- High-Net-Worth Individuals (HNWIs) seeking a strategic second residency
- Entrepreneurs and business owners expanding internationally
- Retirees planning to live part-time in a stable, high-quality-of-life destination
- Remote workers and professionals seeking travel flexibility and Schengen access
- Families seeking better education, healthcare, and relocation options
Most Golden Visa programs also allow investors to include spouses, dependent children, and sometimes dependent parents, making them attractive for multi-generational planning.
Golden Visa Requirements in 2025
While each country sets its own criteria, Golden Visa requirements typically include the following:
1. Clean criminal record
Applicants must provide a police clearance certificate showing no serious criminal history. Programs conduct independent background checks to verify credibility.
2. Proof of legal funds
You must demonstrate that your investment capital comes from legitimate, traceable sources. This can include savings, business income, asset sales, or dividends.
3. Qualifying investment
A government-approved investment must be made before (or immediately after) submitting the application. Eligible investment options depend on the country and may include real estate, funds, business creation, or government bonds.
4. Medical or health insurance
Applicants and dependents typically must maintain health insurance valid in the host country for the duration of residency.
5. Due diligence
Comprehensive background and financial checks ensure compliance with anti–money laundering (AML), counter-terrorism, and financial integrity standards.
6. Minimum stay (if applicable)
Some Golden Visa programs require minimal or no physical presence, while others require a few days per year to maintain residency or qualify for later citizenship.
Golden Visa Investment Options
Golden Visa countries offer multiple investment routes to suit different types of investors. The most common Golden Visa investment options include:
1. Real estate investment
Purchasing residential or commercial property remains one of the most popular routes. Minimum thresholds vary, and some programs allow renovation projects or long-term leases.
2. Investment funds and venture capital
Investors may subscribe to regulated investment funds, venture capital vehicles, or government-approved financial products. These routes often appeal to those seeking diversification and passive management.
3. Business creation and job creation
Applicants can qualify by starting a company, investing in an existing business, or creating a required number of full-time jobs. This path suits entrepreneurs or investors with active business interests.
4. Government bonds or bank deposits
Some countries allow investment in sovereign bonds, treasury bills, or significant deposits in local banks. These options typically offer lower risk but may require higher minimum amounts.
5. Donations or national funds
Certain programs or countries offer a donation route, requiring contributions to cultural, social, or national development funds. Donations are non-refundable but usually come with faster processing timelines.
Golden Visa Application Process (Step-by-Step)
While timelines vary, most Golden Visa application processes follow these steps:
Step 1: Choose the country and investment route
Research Golden Visa programs, compare costs, stay requirements, and citizenship timelines, and select the investment route that aligns with your goals.
Step 2: Prepare documentation
Gather required documents such as passports, proof of funds, criminal record certificates, property deeds or fund contracts, and insurance coverage. Advisors typically assist with translations, legalizations, and notarizations.
Step 3: Complete due diligence and background checks
Authorities review the investor’s financial history, source of funds, and personal records to ensure compliance with AML and security standards.
Step 4: Submit application and biometrics
Applications are filed with immigration authorities, followed by biometric appointments for fingerprints, photos, and identity verification.
Step 5: Receive residence permit
Once approved, the investor and eligible family members receive residence cards, granting legal residency and, where applicable, Schengen mobility.
Step 6: Maintain investment and meet renewal requirements
Golden Visa permits must be renewed periodically (typically every one to three years). Investors must keep the qualifying investment active and maintain the required level of documentation.
Step 7: Pathway to permanent residency or citizenship
After maintaining residency for a defined period—often five to ten years—investors may qualify for permanent residence or citizenship, depending on local laws and physical presence requirements.
Benefits of Golden Visa Programs
Residency with a pathway to citizenship
Golden Visas provide foreign investors with the opportunity to secure long-term residency and, in many cases, qualify for citizenship through naturalization after several years of legal residence.
This makes them a valuable solution for individuals seeking a stable path toward a second nationality.
High-quality lifestyle in a secure environment
Many Golden Visa countries, especially in Europe, offer political stability, low crime rates, and modern infrastructure.
Investors gain the right to live in safe, well-developed environments known for strong institutions, high living standards, and excellent expat services.
Access to world-class healthcare and education
Golden Visa holders gain access to top-tier healthcare systems, affordable private insurance options, and high-ranking international schools and universities.
This makes the program particularly attractive for families planning long-term relocation.
Flexible, diversified investment options
Golden Visa programs typically offer multiple investment routes, including real estate, investment funds, business creation, or government contributions.
Investors can choose the option that aligns with their financial strategy and benefit from potential returns, asset diversification, and capital preservation.
Visa-free travel across the Schengen Area
Holders of Golden Visas from EU countries enjoy seamless travel across the Schengen Zone without needing a separate visa.
This allows investors and their families to move freely for business, leisure, or short-term stays throughout Europe.
Family inclusion under one investment
Golden Visas allow applicants to include immediate family members, usually spouses, dependent children, and sometimes dependent parents (all under a single application).
This ensures the entire family can benefit from the same residency rights, education access, and long-term opportunities.
Minimal physical presence requirements
Many Golden Visa programs require little or no time spent in the country to maintain residency.
This allows investors to maintain flexibility by keeping their primary lifestyle and business commitments elsewhere while still securing long-term European residency rights.
Stronger global mobility and future security
Golden Visas provide a long-term “Plan B”, offering protection against political or economic instability in one’s home country.
Residents gain relocation flexibility, access to multiple markets, and the potential to secure a stronger passport in the future.
How Can Global Citizen Solutions Help You?
Global Citizen Solutions is a boutique migration consultancy firm with years of experience delivering bespoke residence and citizenship by investment solutions for international families. With offices worldwide and an experienced, hands-on team, we have helped hundreds of clients worldwide acquire citizenship, residence visas, or homes while diversifying their portfolios with robust investments.
We guide you from start to finish, taking you beyond your citizenship or residency by investment application.
